Managing Febrile Neutropenia: A Critical Oncologic Emergency Requiring Prompt Risk Stratification and Antimicrobial
**Febrile neutropenia (FN)** is defined as a single oral temperature of $\ge 38.3^\circ\text{C}$ or a temperature of $\ge 38.0^\circ\text{C}$ sustained for over one hour, occurring in a patient with **neutropenia** (an abnormally low count of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, typically an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) of $< 500$ cells/$\text{mm}^3$). This condition is considered an **oncologic emergency** because the compromised immune system, often due to myelosuppressive chemotherapy, renders the patient highly vulnerable to rapidly progressing and potentially fatal infections. Prompt recognition, immediate risk stratification, and timely initiation of antimicrobial therapy are essential for improving patient outcomes.
The immediate management of FN is dictated by a process of **risk stratification** to determine the likelihood of serious complications or mortality. Clinical scoring systems, such as the **MASCC (Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer) risk index**, are commonly used to categorize patients as either **low-risk** (who may be candidates for…
